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Protecting Young Adults through Estate Planning

2/28/2016

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While a majority of estate planning benefits individuals who have a spouse and/or children, it is still important that young adults have certain estate planning documents created. In this article, we examine the needed documents for young, single individuals.

I am young and single, do I need estate planning?: Yes, even if you are unconcerned about passing on your money, some estate planning is necessary.  The two main documents you will need are a power of attorney for healthcare and a power of attorney for finances. 

Why have these documents?: If you are injured, and unable to say what you want, there may be nobody who has the right to make healthcare decisions for you. To make these decisions, your family may have to ask a court to appoint a Guardian to make decisions for you. Seeking a guardianship is a costly, time-consuming, and stressful matter. Therefore, whether you are single or married, poor or rich, executing power of attorney documents today is important to protect yourself and those you care about in the future.
 
What is a Power of Attorney for Finances?: A Power of Attorney for Finances and Property is a document in which you (the “principal”) name another individual (the "agent") to manage your finances and property. You determine the money and property you want the agent to have authority over, as well as the authority you want the agent to have. The authority can be broad or specific, depending on your preference. A power of attorney for finances may be “durable,” meaning that your agent may manage your finances in the event of incapacity or incompetence
 
What is a Power of Attorney for Healthcare?: A Power of Attorney for Healthcare is a different document, in which you (the “principal”) name another individual (the “agent”) to make healthcare decisions for you if you lack capacity to do so yourself. You may indicate your expectations for your end-of-life care or nursing home care within the document. A Power of Attorney for Healthcare or a guardianship is required if you want to allow someone the authority to place you in a nursing home or other long-term-care facility.

How do I get a Power of Attorney for Healthcare?: You can get a standard form Power of Attorney for Healthcare at http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/forms/advdirectives/F00085.pdf . This form is simple to fill out and must only be signed by two witnesses who do not have an interest in your property if you were to pass away. While this form will suffice for younger individuals, it is suggested that you have an attorney draft the form to provide for how decisions should be made in specific situations, including dealing with dementia, religious requirements, comas, and mental illnesses. Some religious bodies have created their own Power of Attorney forms; for example, the Wisconsin Catholic Conference has an addendum available here: http://www.wisconsincatholic.org/addenda.cfm. If you have any knowledge of addendums or power of attorney documents from other religious bodies, please feel free to tell us in the comments.
       
Further, please do not simply fill out a Power of Attorney for healthcare document on your own if you do not feel you understand the document. Please call me at (262) 902-0595 or email [email protected] with any questions. I am happy to provide a free conference to assure that a health care power of attorney is appropriately filled out.
 
How about getting the Power of Attorney for Finances?: I do not generally suggest that individuals fill out their own power of attorney for finances. Unlike the power of attorney for healthcare, the power of attorney for finances must often be modified to your individual situation. Examples include who the agent should provide accountings to of your money; whether there are certain investments that should be held or sold; whether the agent may give any money to themselves; and what gifts should be provided, to whom, and when. For this reason, it is important that you have an opportunity to discuss the powers that you are giving to the agent with an experienced attorney.  
 
 
This has just been a brief glimpse of the estate planning that many individuals need. For more information, please feel free to call Attorney Heller-Neal at (262) 902-0595 or email: [email protected].
 
Derrick Heller-Neal is a solo lawyer located in Racine, Wisconsin.

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The Advantages and Disadvantages of Probate

2/28/2016

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While I generally suggest that clients seek to avoid probate, it is important that they understand that probate avoidance is not always the right strategy. The following is a brief overview of the advantages and disadvantages to probate, to help you determine what is best in your situation.

Advantages:
  • Probate gives a court-accepted valuation of all of the decedent’s property.
    1. Placing a value on property at the time of the death of an individual can be extremely important for tax reasons. When an individual dies and passes property on to a beneficiary, the tax basis in that property is raised to whatever the property’s value would be on the day the decedent died. This is important for calculating taxes when the property is sold. In general, tax is collected on income, or in this case, ‘gains.’ That is to say, on the difference between the tax basis and the sales price. A higher basis means less gain, which means less tax. By creating a court-accepted valuation, probate gives the beneficiaries a clear number to use for basis when they go to sell the asset years in the future.  Without this valuation, the beneficiaries must somehow show what the value was on the decedent’s date of death. This can be challenging if the beneficiary does not get the property valued.
    2. Examples of property that may need valuation: Real estate, if the assessed value seems too low; closely held businesses; collectibles; and other hard to value assets.
  • Probate sets a timer on all claims against the estate.
    1. Most claimants have a limit of three months to bring a claim against the estate. However, it is the personal representative’s (the person who you pick to handle your probate) duty to make sure that all creditors are informed about your probate.  This is not a process designed to dodge claims. The probate process is an upfront way to make sure that all claims have been paid before distributing property.
    2. Due to changes in the Wisconsin Estate Recovery procedures, it is currently best to go through probate in order to deal with claims from the state, rather than to deal with the state outside of probate. The state has failed to put any procedures in place for contesting their claim outside of probate. The revocable trusts set up by Heller-Neal Law Offices, LLC, take this into account, and allow distribution to the estate in the event of any claims by the Estate Recovery program.
Disadvantages:
  • Probate takes time.
    1. Probate takes a minimum of approximately four months to complete. Often, probate can take from four to nine months to complete, due to time spent getting the signatures of heirs and beneficiaries, having hearings, dealing with creditors, inventorying and accounting for the estate, and distributing assets. During the initial three to four months, the assets are not able to be distributed, so as to give creditors an opportunity to assert their claims. Therefore, not only will someone need to manage your estate for four to nine months, but your beneficiaries do not even get to see any money from your estate during much of that time.
  • Probate can be costly.
    1. Probate filing fees of $200 per every $100,000 of property you own.
    2. Attorney fees of approximately $1500 to $4000 for handling an uncontested probate.
    3. Double the above costs in the event that you have property in more than one state, as each state will require its own probate. Approximately an additional $1500 to $5000
  • Probate is not private.
    1. Any assets that pass through probate are a part of the public record. Further, all heirs and beneficiaries of your estate are given notice of the estate and the assets in the estate. This includes exactly how much is given to whom. Passing assets through a trust or other form of nonprobate transfer avoids the need to give this information to everyone. This results in greater privacy.
Heller-Neal Law Offices can help you with your probate avoidance and asset protection needs. Contact Heller-Neal Law Offices today for a free consultation.  Attorney Heller-Neal can be contacted via phone at (262)902-0595 or via email at [email protected] .
 

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Protecting Your Spouse from Loss Due to Medical Care

2/27/2016

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With all long-term care planning, it is best to have a discussion with an elder-law attorney and your financial planner to determine the best method of protecting your assets.  This article seeks to give a brief overview of the Medicaid qualification process with special attention to how spouses are treated by the system.

What is EBD Medicaid—EBD Medicaid is a state-financed system set up to pay for long-term care for those who are elderly, blind, or disabled. Even if an individual is elderly (over 65 years old), blind, or disabled, further qualifications for this type of Medicaid are complex, consisting of an analysis of both assets and income.

Will the state take my home away from my spouse if I need Medicaid— In brief, no, the state cannot take away your home from your spouse as long as the spouse lives in the home. Indeed, even if you were unmarried, the state would not be allowed to take your home away so long as you have previously indicated, in writing or orally, that you want to return home at some point in the future. However, under current laws, while the state may not seek to take away a home from either you or your spouse during your lifetimes, the state may attach a lien (a claim) on the home to be paid after both you and your spouse have died. It is possible via advance planning to protect your home for your children, but as to the question of whether the state will take your home while you still live, the answer is simply, no.

Is my spouse allowed to keep any money when I am on Medicaid--Yes, Medicaid laws have several safeguards in place to prevent spouses from being pushed into poverty due to the costs of long-term care. These are what are called ‘Spousal Impoverishment’ provisions.

Spousal Impoverishment provisions are a complex set of rules that allow a community spouse (the spouse who is not in the nursing home) to keep certain assets and income, while not disqualifying the institutionalized spouse (the spouse who is in the nursing home) from qualifying for Medicaid. The extent of the assets that the community spouse gets to keep is directly related to the types of assets the couple owns. For more information, contact an elder-law attorney to analyze your specific situation and explain how to best maximize the community spouse’s ability to keep property in the event you need long-term care.
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The Pitfalls of Planning for Medicaid

2/27/2016

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Links for the following article are provided at the bottom of this page.
Articles mentioned in this document: "Long Term Care Insurance: Is it Worth It?" ; “Protecting Your Spouse from Loss due to Medical Bills.” 
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    Derrick Heller-Neal is an Estate Planning and Elder Law Attorney practicing in Wisconsin

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